1
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2022
  

(  - II:      )
 :    : 70
:               
  
-
I. (1)    '   
(2)       
II.  '   :
(1)  
(2)     
(3) 
(4)   
-
III.   '   
IV.  '   :
(1)   
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Easy2Siksha
(2)   
-
V.          
VI.  '  :
(1)     
(2)      
-
VII.          
VIII.       
3
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2022
  

(  - II:      )
 :    : 70
:               
  
-
I. (1)    '   
(2)       
: 1)   
        , , ,     
      
          
               
           
      :
a) 
    '              
    
      ,        

:            '    
,          
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Easy2Siksha
b) 
         
        
  
     '       ,   
     '      
: ,   ,        '   ,
         ,    ,   ,
        '    
c) 
     
     '       
  ,   
, , ,         
        
:         ,      
      
d)   
        
          
     .         
  ,             
:   ,      , 
  
 
   , -     - - 
   '   ,       

e) 
  -    -          
         ,      

               - 
  ,       
:           ,   
         , -   
  
f)  
                  
              
  ,               
,       
5
Easy2Siksha
:             , 
              
 
g)    
               
-                  
   ,            
:           ,      
  ,             ,  
   
 
h)  
     ,   -        
 
              ,
  ,       
:   ,      ,  -   -
, ,    -     '    
   , ,   '    :     
2)    
       ,       
    
        , 
             
, ,           
     '    :
a)  (   )
               8-15  (5-9
)                   
   ,   ,   ,       

           
:        
   
,      ,    
b)  ( )
             15  50
 (9  31 )           , 
6
Easy2Siksha
            
 
 
:          ,  
          
          
c)  ( )
      50  (31 )  85  (53 )  
                
               '   ,
    
 
:        ,       
 ,   
     ,    ' "
"   
d)  ( )
      85  (53 )  600  (373 ) 
     ,           , 
                 ( 
 )  
:   (2,500°C  4,500°F )   
     ,    ""   
e)  ( )
       ,   600  (373 )   
          ,     ,  
                
   
:         
  
  
                 

   - , , ,   , ,  ,   , 
  -              
       ,        ' - -
                
    
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      '       

       - ,      
    ,    ,  ,   
   
 ,      ,  
 ,      
II.  '   :
(1)  
(2)     
(3) 
(4)   
..: 1.  
           ,       15  35
 ,         (O₃)   ,   
              ' 
 ,     (UV)       
   
UV :    ,  UV-B  UV-C     '
 ,     , ,      
           
   
 
  :       
,   ' ,         
  :     '      
           
  
  ,   ,        
 ()  ,   
      
    "" 
    (1987)     
         
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2.     
     ,           
 
   -  ,   , ,  , 
      
 
    
 :          -   
         , 
      ,
     
 :       ,       
      '         , 
 1991  
,         
'   
   :          
      ,       

 :        ,   
     ,  ,       
 
 
,   ,           
,  ,   ,         
 
3. 
          
    
     ,         ,
 '   

    
  :    ,      ,   
   ',      ,    
 
 ,      
  :            ,
         
 :        ,  
 
9
Easy2Siksha
  :          

 
  
 :         ,  
       
 :         
       
 :          ,   
               
 

 '          ,     
        ,        

,    
 
4.   
             
    ',           ,  
           
    
 :,    ,        ,
             
:  ,   ,     ,     
 
:-   ,        ,
 
 
   
   : '         ,  
    
 :         
 ,   
        
:         
          
10
Easy2Siksha
-  
 :        ,     
    
   :-       
          

    ,   , ,    
               

 ,           
 ,  
  ,             

            '  

 
-
III.   '   
:  :  
                 
  , , ,         
  ""    ''   ,       
  
         
 ,   '
   
  ?
      ,        
       '       

   
,    -     ,    

 ,    , -   ,     
     
1.    :  ,     -  
                
      
   -  -
    ,         


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2. -   (ITCZ):      -   
         , ITCZ   
   ,  ,  -     
3.   :        ,   
              
     ,         , 
    
4.   : ,   ' ,     
   ,       
     
    
5.     :         
       ,     ,    
   ,      
6.  :  ' -         
     
   
1.   :
o -    ' 1   -   ,   
  
 
o      
 , 
    
          
2. :
o       :        
o    ,        

  
o      -      -  
  
3.  :
o         ,     
   
o  , -         
  
 
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4. :
o             -
      
o      
 , -   
  
- 
  -    '   , -   
 
 ,   '          
      -  ,       
   -  '  
 
   
1. :
o    60%    
'    ,  
     
  '    

o           ,    
     
2.  :
o    ,       ,    ,
  -    
3.  :
o       '   ,   ' 
      
o ,        '   ' 
 
4.  :
o        ,     
   ,      
 
13
Easy2Siksha
     
1. :
o     , , ,     
          
2. :
o         ,   - 
,          
,            
3. :
o           ,    
            
   '  
4.   :
o             
           
  
    
             
  
-        75%  
 
  , " "     ,    
        

      ,    , ,   
          
 ,    
             
                
           
 ,  
         
 
14
Easy2Siksha
IV.  '   :
(1)   
(2)   
:   
     ,    
 ,       '  
                 
                   
   ,               :
1. 

                  
                 
 (0  )    
:             
:        ;  
  ,  
           
   
2. 
                    
       ,    
        
      '  
:      
:        ,   
 
'  ,   
3. 
 
               

                   
     
:     ,        
    
:         ;      
    
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4. 
     -    
    
     
          
   
               
   ,    '   
:           ,     
  
:             
   
 ;  ,    
     
5. -
-    ,              
          '    
   
: ,        -  
: -     , - -   
6.  
       
          
    ,          '  
,     
 
:         
 
 
:         ;     
    
  
     '        ,    
          :
1.  
            ,    
             ,     ,   
       ,   
        ' 
           
:      
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:   ;     '   ,    
        
:
      
        
    .
2.  
                 
      ,       ,       

              ,    
      ,  
     
:       '  
;   ( 
 )   
:           
   
 ;             
:
    
  (  ) '  
   .
3.    
               ,  
,      

  ,       ,  
                 

:            temperate
  
:          ,    
  
:
    .
           
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   (    )  
  
 '              ,  
  ,      ,     ,
   
 ,    ,  ,    
 

              
                
    ,            
   ,            
        
-
V.          
:     :   
        '       

       ,    ,     
      , ,      -
    ,  ,      
    ,   ,     
          
        
1.  
                
          200        
               
  
o :            
:       '       
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2.  
       ,        
           
 
o          
          
o :          
3.  
    ',     ,   
  
              
        ,    
 
o              
 
4.  
      ,     3,000  6,000  
 '     '           
        
o :     
:          
5. -   
 -    '        
        , 
  
 
o -           
      ,    
  
o :-        
 : -           , 
   
 
6.   
       ,       '   
    ()          

o :     ,      ,
 11,000      
19
Easy2Siksha
:       
7. 
  
o 
              
 
        
o  - 
 ,         
      
o :     

8.      
          -   '

              

           
9.  
             
            ,     
  
 
o :    
10.   
      ,        
 '     
:    
      
1.  
     ,     
 
2.  
      
    
3. 
, ,        ,    
     
4.   
         
     

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Easy2Siksha
         
1. 
             
   
2.  
  ,   ,   ,      '  

3.  
         
 
4.  
          
 , 
   

      '          
        ,     -
         
   
    , 
 ,  ,     
               
 ,             
VI.  '  :
(1)     
(2)      
:     
              
    
   ,      
    
         
1.   :             
   ,          
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             ,    
    
 ,        
2.    : - 
    ,    
   '       :
o   ( ):        200 
              
   
o :   ,         
               
o    ( ):  ,   
     ,  C  C.
3. :          
      
          
4.   :       
  
:
o  :  ,           
 
o  :  ,       
 
 
5.  :          ,  
   ,    ,    
6.     :        
     ,        
,      
       
  :           
    ,  ,    - 
  :           
        
   :       
 ,  ,      ,     
,   ,     
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
         ,      

 
       ,       
        
    
         
     (ppt) 
   ,        35 ppt     
      35     
    
1. :    
  
   
               
2. :
, ,          ,  

   ,           
   
3.   :     
 ,      

   ,  ,      
    
 
4.     :
o  :    ,  
    
     
o   :     
 ,     
 
 
5.   :  -         
,             
  
1.  :          ,  
-  ( ,  )
2.   :            ,  
      
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Easy2Siksha
3.    :   ,      
           ,   
    
  
    :,   ,      
     ,    
    
   
  :            ,
   (      )   
 :           
 -   

 ,     ,    ( 340 ppt) ,  
      
               

               
  ,          
   ,         
,        ,       
   
-
VII.          
:       
    ?
                
    '          ,   ,  
,  (   ),    -    
     ,    -   
       
 
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Easy2Siksha
    ,          
  '          
 ,           
 
    
     '       :
1.  
                '  
         ,     
 ,     (    )   
           
   
2.   ( )
              
   ,    ,  ,     , 
         -      
  "  "   
      
           
 :
1. 
     ,  
   , 
   
 
2.    ( )
              
             ,  
  ,       
3.   
        ,          
     
      
4. 
         ,       
    
 
5.     
             ,
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       ,         

    
         :
1.  
                 
              , 
  '     
 
2.  
                
   
 ,         
3.   
      ,     
,           
4.   
         ,    
  
    
     ,      '     
  '    :
1.  
o         ,   
    ,   ,   

 ,    ,    ,  

o  
       ,    
      
  
2.   
o     -  ,     
    ,    ,  , 
     '  ,      

        
   , ,
        
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o    '       '   
       
3.   
o           
        ,    ,
           
  '   
o            '  
 
4.     
o             
 ,        
 
   
o  ,        - ' ,   
  ,            

 
5.    ' 
o      ,    ,     
      
o     ,   ,      
 
      
6.   
o          

 ,        
,         
  
     
1.  
                 
   ,   ,        
   
 
2.   
 
     
 ,        .
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               
 ,    

               
            '   , ,
 ,           
   
  ,     ,     
            
            
     , 
      
   
VIII.       
:     
      71%      '    
   
    "  "    

           ,     
       '  ,  ,  , 
       
1.  :     
                   
   -    ,          
  
 
    
 2.2        ,    
   
,           '  
 
     
,   
      
-   
 
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  
          , ,   
      
              
  
 
           :
o               

o          
      
2. - :    
         ,     
  
    
 :    '       , , 
      
:     ,       

 :          
  :  ,           
 
   :             
    
o  ,           

o           
    
3.  :     
      ,   '   
  
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 
      ,       
        ,     
      
 
                 
           
    (OTEC)
             
      ,         OTEC
     
 
      ,      
   
 
4.  
   ,          '  
   
 
         ,     
   
   (CO₂)      ,   
       

   
 
       
 
 ,       ,   
 ,     '   
 
   
 ,          
            
             
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5.   
       ,   90%        

          
       
        ,     
  
 
6.    
         -    

 
       ,   
     
            
  
 
7.   :  
 -    ,  ,     
     '   
- ( )        
        
    
     ,         ,  
   ,      

               
  
 ,           

  -,          
 
 
            
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 
            

 
          ,    
    

      , , ,       
         ,    
          '    
               
     
             , 

                

:      Ai       ( )       
        , 
  '         